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HW1

Updated 4 Oct 2026

  1. In the study on college students' cognitive development, in this stage, the students realize that they should not blindly follow or oppose authority, and make and carry out independent decisions even in ambiguous situations.
    • Dualism stage
    • Relativism stage
    • Commitment stage
    • Confirmation stage
  2. According to Boss, the Milgram and Zimbardo experiments suggest that most ordinary people will do this if they think that society or their organization support their (bad) behavior.
    • use critical thinking skills to fight against bad commands
    • commit attrocities
    • perform experiments in psychology
    • run away from responsibilities
  3. Which is NOT true about the Milgram experiment?
    • The volunteers whose role was the teacher in the experiment received electric shocks.
    • The volunteers thought the experiment was about the effects of punishment on learning.
    • The actor who pretended to be the learner was punished with electric shocks for making mistakes.
    • About 35% of the volunteers did not go all the way to 450 volts.
  4. According to our source material, this is one of the 8 characteristics of a good critical thinker. A critical thinker with this characteristic uses imagination to see possibilities and potential future problems.
    • Open-minded skepticism
    • Effective communication
    • Creative problem-solving
    • Flexibility and tolerance for ambiguity
  5. It is the study of the methods & principles used to distinguish correct/good arguments from poor arguments.
    • Opinion
    • Logic
    • Experiment
    • Cognitive development
  6. Poor critical thinking skills are one of the contributing factors to depression. According to our source material, this is another factor.
    • Irrational beliefs
    • Anthropocentrism
    • Healthy amount of self-esteem
    • Realistic expectations
  7. In the Three-Tier Model of thinking, this is characterized by avoidance, denial, and conformity which stops most people from reaching the top-most thinking.
    • Interpretation
    • Resistance
    • Experience
    • Analysis
  8. What do citizens need to effectively participate in critical discussions and decisions about their society?
    • Ethnocentrism in their values
    • Avoidance toward challenging situations
    • Experience with diversity
    • To be well-informed about policies and issues
  9. This is NOT one of the immature and maladaptive defense mechanisms that stop people from being able to analyze.
    • Conformity
    • Denial
    • Distraction
    • Mindfulness
  10. In the Three-Tier Model of thinking, people who are at this level or stage use their own understanding of their society and culture's views or beliefs.
    • Interpretation
    • Confirmation bias
    • Analysis
    • Experience
  11. This means giving reasons for past actions that go against one's idea of a good, reasonable person.
    • Commitment
    • Dualism
    • Doublethink
    • Rationalization
  12. It is a sense of disorientation that happens when new ideas go against our worldview or beliefs.
    • Experience
    • Cliche
    • Cognitive dissonance
    • Self-esteem
  13. Which statement characterizes ethnocentrism?
    • Our boss told us to destroy our company records to protect our company. Our bosses know what is right for our company, so it would be wrong not to follow the orders.
    • These foreigners are rude; they should put "ka or kap" at the end of their sentences. That is the polite way of talking.
    • I know better than anyone on the team. Why should I listen to other team members?
    • Why should I care about overfishing? The fish in the sea are there so that we humans can have seafood to eat.
  14. This form of narrow-mindedness is characterized by thinking that the individual is the center of all things.
    • Anthropocentrism
    • Ethnocentrism
    • Egocentrism
    • Absolutism
  15. Which statement characterizes doublethink?
    • I thought I was right. I must change my mind because these reasons and evidence tell me that I am wrong.
    • I believe that everyone is equal regardless of race. Asians are best suited for accounting and tech support jobs.
    • I have my own understanding of the situation. It is to my advantage to know how others see the situation..
    • Nothing stays right or wrong forever. What is right or wrong depends on the situation.
  16. Read the text and choose the best option.
    A. Being able to solve problems and achieve our goals have a positive effect on our level of self-esteem.
    B.Effective critical thinking skills are negatively correlated to healthy self-esteem.
    • A and B are both true.
    • Only A is true.
    • Only B is true.
    • A and B are not true.
  17. The statement below is an example of:
    • "All genders are equal. They have equal protection of the law and equal access to rights and benefits. However, marriage is only between a man and a woman."
    • Fear of challenge
    • Double-think
    • Analysis
    • Relativism
  18. What type of narrow-mindedness do the statements demonstrate?
    • "Same-sex marriage is wrong. My parents, teachers, and religious leaders think it is wrong. There is no time or place that it can be right."
    • Egocentrism
    • Ethnocentrism
    • Fear of challenge
    • Absolutism
  19. "Same-sex marriage in most countries is still not legal." What level of thinking does this statement strongly relate?
    • Analysis
    • Interpretation
    • Experience
    • Resistance
  20. The statement below is an example of this method:
    • "You said that the best way is to stick to our tradition and values that our ancestors have kept. I doubt if that works, but please tell me and prove to me that you are right."
    • Method of Doubt
    • Method of Belief
    • Method of Experience
    • Method of Ambiguity