HW8

1. Which argument best represents the chart?

• Jogging outdoors and indoors can be done any time. Therefore, I should buy a treadmill.
• Jogging outdoors and on the treadmill are the same. I lost weight from jogging outdoors. Therefore, I should lose weight jogging on the treadmill.
• I should jog outdoors because doing it on the treadmill is not fun. After all, I can enjoy the view outdoors.
• I was able to run for 3 km last year. Therefore, I will be able to run the same length next month.

2. Which is the primary analogue?

• Having lost 4 kg
• Jogging outdoors
• heart rate going up
• Jogging on the treadmill

3. Which is NOT true?

• There are two primary analogues.
• Their premise is that they share two similar characteristics.
• The conclusion is that the secondary analogue must have the same third characteristic.
• There are two analogues.

4. Analogical arguments are arguments based on comparisons. The more similar characteristics they share, the more reasonable it is to conclude that they are similar in all aspects. Which argument below is the weakest analogical argument?
   • Analogical argument II
   • Analogical argument I
   • Analogical argument IV
   • Analogical argument III
5. Which is the comparative premise that would strengthen the analogy?

• I burned a lot of calories jogging outside, and I would burn a lot of calories jogging on the treadmill as well.
• I feel good when I go outside. Outdoor jogging is for free.
• I can jog on the treadmill even when it's raining outside. The treadmill can be used in any weather.
• I can jog indoors and can jog outdoors.

6. In what way is the argument now stronger?

Argument Now:

• There is a helpful dis-analogy or difference in characteristics.
• There are diverse primary analogues.
• The arguer added more similar characteristics between the primary and secondary analogues.
• There are more secondary analogues.

7. When is the sample random?
   • When you selected the participants based on your relationship with them.
   • When 50% of the population is included in the sample.
   • When every member of the population has an equal chance to be a member of the sample.
   • When the questions are not loaded or slanted.
8. *According to our slides, the make-up of the sample depends on the population size and:
   • The number of questions in the survey
   • The amount of time you give in doing the survey
   • The money and resources you have in collecting responses
   • The amount of variation in the population
9. *Which is an example of a slanted survey question?
   • Could you pick tell us why you would or would not replace your current tablet?
   • How would you rate your tablet in terms of user experience with 1 as poor and 5 as excellent?
   • Would you consider replacing your confusing and hard-to-sync Android tablet with an iPad?
   • Could you tell us if you would say (a) yes, (b) no, (c) maybe, or (d) are still undecided to switch to a different brand of tablet?
10. It is drawing a conclusion about a certain characteristic of a population based on a sample from it.
    • Generalization
    • Random sampling
    • Representative sample
    • Deductive argument
11. Which is an example of an inductive generalization?
    • From a representative sample of SIIT students, it was found that 85% of the sample had Netflix on at least one of their devices. Therefore, an overwhelming majority of SIIT students must have Netflix on at least one device.
    • I have seen many of my SIIT classmates watch Netflix on their phones. Therefore, SIIT students must watch Netflix on their phones.
    • 80% of first-year students have Netflix on at least one mobile device. Therefore, 20% of first-year students do not have Netflix on at least one mobile device.
    • From the sample of 150 students, 45 were first-year students, 40 were second-year, another 35 were third-year, and 30 were fourth-year. Therefore the biggest segment of the sample is the first-year students.
12. Which of the following is a disanalogy that would weaken an argument that "the latest Superman movie must be great because Henry Cavill's Superman movies were great"?
    
    • The new Superman movie has a new set of actors and a creative team.
    • The new Superman also wears a cape.
    • Both films are based on the DC Comics Superman character.
    • The new Superman film has a larger budget than Cavill's Superman movies.
13. Which is an inductive argument?
    • James is 26 and Jenna is 21. Therefore, James knows more than Jenna.
    • When the blood oxygen level is less than 70%, the machine will sound the alarm. The machine did not sound the alarm, so your oxygen level is not lower than 70%.
    • The Olympia bag is 40,000.00. The small Puzzle bag is 120,000 baht. It follows that the Puzzle bag costs 80,000 more than the Olympia bag.
    • Hoseok is younger than Yoongi. Taehyung is younger than Hoseok. Therefore, Yoongi is older than Taehyung.
14. Which is true regarding the arguments below?
    • Argument A:
      • In a published peer-reviewed research in Education Journal Y in 2022, 81% of the sample of 200 Bangkok high school students admitted that they consume TikTok content during class hours for at least 2 hours a day. The average scores of the senior students of High School X in Wattana, Bangkok, from the national exam have been the lowest in the last 10 years.
      • Based on the 2023 research, there is a very high probability that these students' performance was negatively affected by being distracted by social media during classes.
    • Argument B
      • Our program had 192 exchange students in 2021, 239 in 2022, 218 in 2023, and 237 in 2024. Thus, our number of exchange students is in a steady decline.
    • Argument A and Argument B are inductive arguments.
    • Argument A is deductive; Argument B is inductive.
    • Argument A is inductive; Argument B is deductive.
    • Argument A and B are deductive arguments.
15. Which is true regarding the arguments below?
    • Argument A:
      • In a published peer-reviewed research in Education Journal Y in 2022, 81% of the sample of 200 Bangkok high school students admitted that they consume TikTok content during class hours for at least 2 hours a day. The average scores of the senior students of High School X in Wattana, Bangkok, from the national exam have been the lowest in the last 10 years.
      • Based on the 2023 research, there is a very high probability that these students' performance was negatively affected by being distracted by social media during classes.
    • Argument B
      • Our program had 192 exchange students in 2021, 239 in 2022, 218 in 2023, and 237 in 2024. Thus, our number of exchange students is in a steady decline.
    • Argument A commits the strawman fallacy.
    • Argument A is a valid argument.
    • Argument B is a valid argument.
    • Argument B is an invalid argument.
16. A conclusion that is drawn through deductive argument ……. follows the premise(s).
    • probably
    • likely
    • necessarily
    • illogically
17. Read the survey question and determine what is true about it.
    Please tick at least one statement that applies to you.
    • I learned specific strategies for developing products and services in my creativity course.
    • I learned specific techniques for illustrating, discussing, and assessing ideas in my creativity course.
    • I learned specific prototyping methods in order to assess the user interphase of new products and services in my creativity course.
    • I find the creativity course very useful for teaching engineering students from different majors/programs to collaborate on product development.
    • The question is a type of a push poll because the survey's motive is presented to the respondents,
    • The question is an example of a loaded question because the question assumes only 4 possible choices that the respondents agrees.
    • This is an example of a self-selected sample because respondents choose their answers.
    • This question is an example of random sampling because the choices do not threaten the respondents' self-image.
18. It is a comparison of two or more events or things,
    • Polling
    • Analogy
    • Generalization
    • Sampling
19. "I'd like to get a raincoat that is great at keeping me dry and affordable just like my friend's raincoat." Which secondary analogue's characteristic is irrelevant?
    • This coat is from the same brand.
    • This coat's price is very similar.
    • This coat has the same fabric.
    • This coat is blue.
20. Which is not one of the principles of analogical arguments?
    • When similarities are relevant, the more likely the analogues are the same.
    • The higher the number of similarities, the more likely analogues are the same.
    • The more varied the primary analogues that share similarities with the secondary analogue are, the more likely the analogues are the same.
    • All dissimilarities among analogues cause us to reject the conclusion that the analogues are likely the same.,

Answer Key

1. B - Jogging outdoors and on the treadmill are the same. I lost weight from jogging outdoors. Therefore, I should lose weight jogging on the treadmill.

2. B - Jogging outdoors

3. A - There are two primary analogues. (This is NOT true - there's only one primary analogue)

4. [REQUIRES IMAGE] - Cannot determine without seeing Analogical arguments I-IV. Look for the argument with the fewest relevant similarities or most significant relevant differences.

5. A - I burned a lot of calories jogging outside, and I would burn a lot of calories jogging on the treadmill as well.

6. B - There are diverse primary analogues.

7. C - When every member of the population has an equal chance to be a member of the sample.

8. D - The amount of variation in the population

9. C - Would you consider replacing your confusing and hard-to-sync Android tablet with an iPad?

10. A - Generalization

11. A - From a representative sample of SIIT students, it was found that 85% of the sample had Netflix on at least one of their devices. Therefore, an overwhelming majority of SIIT students must have Netflix on at least one device.

12. A - The new Superman movie has a new set of actors and a creative team.

13. A - James is 26 and Jenna is 21. Therefore, James knows more than Jenna.

14. A - Argument A and Argument B are inductive arguments.

15. D - Argument B is an invalid argument.

16. C - necessarily

17. B - The question is an example of a loaded question because the question assumes only 4 possible choices that the respondents agrees.

18. B - Analogy

19. D - This coat is blue.

20. D - All dissimilarities among analogues cause us to reject the conclusion that the analogues are likely the same.